Valuation Methodology Switched From DCF To P/B

Valuation method changed to P/B. We switch valuation methodology for the three Singapore-listed shipping trusts, namely First Ship Lease Trust (FSLT), Pacific Shipping Trust (PST) and Rickmers Maritime (RMT), from discounted cash flow to P/B, which is the common method for valuing shipping stocks.

Fair prices raised, but recommendations unchanged. We believe the P/B methodology will be more reflective of and responsive to the changing risk profile of the shipping trusts, as financing risks are reduced as and when the shipping trusts overcome their balance sheet hurdles on the back of easing of credit and a recovery in ship prices. The shipping sector (as proxied by container shipping stocks) typically trades at 0.5x P/B at a cyclical trough and 2.5-3.0x at a cyclical peak.

FSLT. We raise our fair price for FSLT from S$0.50 to S$0.64 based on 0.8x 2010 P/B of the container shipping sector because FSLT’s net gearing of 138% is quite comparable with the sector’s gearing of 143%. FSLT remains a HOLD.

RMT. We also increase RMT’s fair price from S$0.44 to S$0.76 based on a lower 2010 P/B of 0.4x, a shade below US peer Danaos’ P/B of 0.5x, because RMT would have a similarly very high net gearing of 4.0x assuming debt financing for the US$700m capex due in 2010 relating to the purchase of four containerships to be chartered to Maersk. While our fair price for RMT is 24% above its current share price, we maintain our HOLD call in view of its unfunded US$700m capex due in 2010. We see a re-rating in RMT should it manage to resolve this financing hurdle.

PST. Unlike the other two shipping trusts, PST has no loan-to-value covenants with its bankers. Its net gearing ratio of 1.0x is the lowest among the three trusts. We reiterate BUY on PST with a revised target price of US$0.37 (previously US$0.22) based on 2010 P/B of 0.9x, higher than the P/B ascribed to the other two shipping trusts given its stronger financial position.

Concerns easing selectively

• Stability in container shipping rates should spark renewed interest in shipping trusts
• FSLT – given that it has no imminent refinancing or counterparty issues – is best positioned
• German ship-owners rescue CSAV, PST may breathe easier
• Too many uncertainties still for Rickmers

Liner companies looking to push rate hikes. Most of the leading container carriers, including Maersk and NOL are now looking to arrest the free fall in container freight rates through coordinated rate increases. While the problem of lower trade volumes, idle capacity and a huge orderbook will still need some solving, we may be seeing some stability in rates for the rest of 2009. This, combined with the improving sentiment about a global economic recovery in 2H09, should spur renewed confidence in container shipping stocks, and consequently, shipping trusts.

Visibility improving bit by bit. FSLT has a more diversified fleet than peers – with about 38% exposure to containers and 65% to tankers (oil, chemical, product). With the oil price in recovery mode, counterparty risk may be reduced. Moreover, FSLT has no big refinancing risks before 2012. Elsewhere, with the US$360m lifeline thrown to CSAV by German owners last week, PST’s fortunes may be looking up as well. However, RMT has to contend with unfunded capital commitments and an upcoming bullet loan repayment in FY10 and the picture still looks hazy.

FSLT is our top pick, upgrade to BUY. Given the healthy response to the 1Q09 dividend re-investment scheme, investors seem to be giving the thumbs up to FSLT’s attempt to align the interests of both short-term and long-term investors. As such, given the lack of nearterm concerns, we believe there is better visibility to FSLT’s dividend payouts, despite trading at much higher yields of about 25%. Hence, we upgrade the stock to BUY, and our DDM-based TP is revised up to S$0.71.

Upgrade PST to HOLD. We are also upgrading our call on PST to HOLD with a revised TP of US$0.20, given that the worst that can happen now on its CSAV charters is a 35% rate cut. Elsewhere, we maintain our HOLD rating on RMT with a revised DDM-based TP of S$0.50.

Time to stop hoping for the best

Industry continues to struggle. The container shipping industry faces a major supply-demand imbalance. According to AXS Alphaliner, outstanding orders for new ships account for about 47.6% of the existing fleet. This translates to a 12.9% per annum growth in the world fleet over the next three years. With the global recession dampening demand, especially the US consumption story, we expect tough times ahead for the container industry. Major operators, including shipping trust customers, have announced lay ups, vessel redeliveries, and plans to attempt to delay order deliveries. About 1.1m TEUs, or 8% of the world’s total container fleet, is currently idle. This broader reality can have a major impact on the trusts’ cash flows – and consequently, on distributions to unitholders. Charterer performance will be key in the coming months – if economic conditions continue to deteriorate, we could see charterers approaching the trust to renegotiate leases.

Passively waiting out the storm. US-listed comparable, Danaos Corp [NOT RATED], announced that it was suspending dividend payments to divert cash towards funding its new-building program. It also delayed some deliveries. Back in Singapore, Rickmers Maritime (RMT) is contracted to acquire US$988m worth of containerships over the next two years, with partial debt funding currently in place. The manager has so far only said that it “is exploring all options” to finance its order book but this is not enough. The market needs more clarity on what RMT will do and whether it will (or can) follow the Danaos route of delaying deliveries or cutting dividends. Unlike RMT, FSL Trust (FSLT) and Pacific Shipping Trust (PST) have no committed orders. Meanwhile, FSLT will retain about 20-25% of cash income in 1Q09 (versus a 100% distribution payout previously) to prepay debt as a pre-emptive “good faith” gesture to lenders eyeing debt covenants. We believe there is room for FSLT to lower payout further to a point where both unitholders and lenders are satisfied. In comparison, PST is only paying out about 50% of cash income. An explicit debt repayment plan would also demonstrate FSLT’s commitment to sustainability, in our view.

Still NEUTRAL on sector. While the STI is down 4% YTD, Singaporelisted shipping trusts are down 10% for the year. On average, the sector is trading at a 66% discount to NAV but we are not quite ready to call this a “value” opportunity. In our opinion, a re-rating of the sector depends on 1) signs of an improving external environment and 2) the trusts taking more aggressive action to remedy some fundamental concerns.

Victims of the cycle

More turbulence ahead… The last several years have seen major export growth as well as a commodities boom. This drove a boom in shipping – manifested in both an increase in rates as well as a demand for increased capacity, and led to increased asset prices and the construction of more ships. Asset prices soared at ‘bubble speed’ in the past couple of years, partly because of an aggressive use of leverage. The global economy then turned in early 2008 and the shipping industry was caught with a huge capacity and a large order pipeline. The industry has already seen a sharp reduction in charter rates. Asset values are expected to fall as the cycle corrects. We expect this decline to be steep in line with the deleveraging cycle.

2008 was about growth. Investors and managers of yield instruments in a bull market (rising asset values) and a cheap market (easy credit) were caught in a growth trap. The focus was on who could ramp up leverage and consequently, who could grow the fastest. The three Singapore-listed shipping trusts were all formed at, or very near, the peak of the shipping cycle. Consequently, their ships were priced at high valuations. They then continued to grow aggressively (at those same stratospheric price levels) – the sector has invested some US$1.3b since listing, more than doubling their IPO portfolio, in a space of less than two years. This growth was achieved through an aggressive use of leverage.

2009 is about survival. We believe valuations in 2009 will be driven by the health and strength of the three trusts, with the main focus on survival. Technically, shipping trusts are structured as long term, cash generating entities that have the ability to ride out short-term cycles. Unfortunately, the sector’s hunger for higher leverage has made them victims of those
same cycles. The biggest threat to the sector is the loan-to-market value (LTV) covenant. An LTV breach, not outside the realm of possibility, triggers a technical default. The ultimate outcome, possibly lower (or zero) distributions or distressed asset sales, depends on the health and risk appetite of the trust’s lenders. Pacific Shipping Trust is the only trust without LTV requirements. We expect capital commitments to be another overhang on valuations in 2009 – Rickmers Maritime has US$1.1b in new vessels coming in from now until 2010. This level of growth, previously a positive, has now become a burden. We have a NEUTRAL rating on the sector.